# positions[].organizations[].parent[].label
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences

# overview
The living cell contains a collection of molecular machines to grow and function. These machines include the ribosomes, the chaperons, the proteasomes and other enzymes. Malfunction of these machines, if occurred in human, are related to many diseases. Understanding their three-dimensional (3D) structures is essential to understand how these machines work in the cell and eventually to treat those related diseases.

Here we use an experimental technique called cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to image these cellular machines in their native environment at liquid nitrogen temperatures. We then use image processing and graphics techniques to visualize their 3D structures, answering the questions such as how they assemble and how they interact with each other.

In addition, we develop computational modeling tools to interpret and animate these obtained 3D structures to further describe their movements and dynamics.

# keywords[]
4607 Graphics, Augmented Reality And Games

# educationAndTraining[].organization.label
Baylor College of Medicine - (Houston, Texas, United States)

# educationAndTraining[].organization.label
Fudan University - (Shanghai, Shanghai, China)

# educationAndTraining[].organization.label
Stanford University - (Stanford, California, United States)

# publications[].label
Multiscale natural moves refine macromolecules using single-particle electron microscopy projection images.

# publications[].publisher
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

# publications[].label
Structure of Ribosomal Silencing Factor Bound to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ribosome.

# publications[].label
Structural insights into species-specific features of the ribosome from the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

# publications[].label
Structure of Ribosomal Silencing Factor Bound to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ribosome.

# publications[].label
Structural dynamics of receptor recognition and pH-induced dissociation of full-length Clostridioides difficile Toxin B.

# publications[].label
The Structural Basis of T4 Phage Lysis Control: DNA as the Signal for Lysis Inhibition.

# publications[].label
Mechanism of Cell Penetration by Permeabilization of Late Endosomes: Interplay between a Multivalent TAT Peptide and Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate.

# publications[].label
JADAS: a customizable automated data acquisition system and its application to ice-embedded single particles.

# publications[].label
Identifying Components in 3D Density Maps of Protein Nanomachines by Multi-scale Segmentation.

# publications[].publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

# publications[].label
Cryo-EM reveals infection steps of single-stranded RNA bacteriophages.

# publications[].label
A Multi-Specific DARPin Potently Neutralizes Shiga Toxin 2 via Simultaneous Modulation of Both Toxin Subunits.

# publications[].label
Dynamic Interactions of Arabidopsis TEN1: Stabilizing Telomeres in Response to Heat Stress.

# publications[].label
Interplay between an ATP-binding cassette F protein and the ribosome from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

# publications[].label
Nanoscale Structural Characterization of Individual Viral Particles Using Atomic Force Microscopy Infrared Spectroscopy (AFM-IR) and Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS).

# publications[].label
The group II chaperonin Mm-Cpn binds and refolds human D crystallin.

# publications[].label
Asymmetric cryo-EM structure of the canonical Allolevivirus Q reveals a single maturation protein and the genomic ssRNA in situ.

# publications[].publisher
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

# publications[].label
Dual action of ATP hydrolysis couples lid closure to substrate release into the group II chaperonin chamber.

# publications[].label
Structures of Q virions, virus-like particles, and the Q-MurA complex reveal internal coat proteins and the mechanism of host lysis.

# publications[].publisher
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

# publications[].label
Purification of Single-Stranded RNA Bacteriophages and Host Receptors for Structural Determination Using Cryo-Electron Microscopy.

# publications[].label
Mechanism of Cell Penetration by Permeabilization of Late Endosomes: Interplay between a Multivalent TAT-Like Cell-Penetrating Peptide and the Lipid Bis(Monoacylglycerol)Phosphate

# publications[].label
A Multiscale Model for the Self-Assembly of Coat Proteins in Bacteriophage MS2.

# publications[].label
Androgen receptor differentially regulates the proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo.

# publications[].label
Cryo-EM structure of a molluscan hemocyanin suggests its allosteric mechanism.

# publications[].label
Structural basis for the adsorption of a single-stranded RNA bacteriophage.

# publications[].label
Quantitative analysis of cryo-EM density map segmentation by watershed and scale-space filtering, and fitting of structures by alignment to regions.

# publications[].label
Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein (DARPin) Neutralizers of TcdB from Clostridium difficile Ribotype 027.

# publications[].label
Structures of the Carbon-Phosphorus Lyase Complex Reveal the Binding Mode of the NBD-like PhnK.

# publications[].label
Removal of Pseudomonas type IV pili by a small RNA virus.

# publications[].publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

# publications[].label
Cryo-EM structure of a group II chaperonin in the prehydrolysis ATP-bound state leading to lid closure.

# publications[].label
Location and flexibility of the unique C-terminal tail of Aquifex aeolicus co-chaperonin protein 10 as derived by cryo-electron microscopy and biophysical techniques.

# publications[].label
Hierarchical natural move Monte Carlo refines flexible RNA structures into cryo-EM densities.

# publications[].label
Efficient cell delivery mediated by lipid-specific endosomal escape of supercharged branched peptides.

# publications[].label
Structural Assembly of Q Virion and Its Diverse Forms of Virus-like Particles.

# publications[].label
Selection and characterization of ultrahigh potency designed ankyrin repeat protein inhibitors of C. difficile toxin B.

# publications[].label
Structural basis of Acinetobacter type IV pili targeting by an RNA virus.

# publications[].label
Automated specimen search in cryo-TEM observation with DIFF-defocus imaging.

# publications[].label
Structure of the translating Neurospora ribosome arrested by cycloheximide.

# publications[].publisher
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

# publications[].label
Recent Advances in Structural Studies of Single-Stranded RNA Bacteriophages

# publications[].label
Cryo-EM model validation using independent map reconstructions.

# publications[].label
Mechanism of folding chamber closure in a group II chaperonin.

# publications[].label
GroEL actively stimulates folding of the endogenous substrate protein PepQ.

# publications[].label
Cryo-EM of macromolecular assemblies at near-atomic resolution.

# researcherOn[].label
Characterize Essential Regions in C. Difficile Toxin B for its Neutralization

# researcherOn[].awardedBy.label
National Institutes of Health - (Bethesda, Maryland, United States)

# researcherOn[].awardedBy.preferredLabel
DHHS-NIH-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

# researcherOn[].label
Structure-Based Discovery of Critical Vulnerabilities of Mycobacteria

# researcherOn[].awardedBy.label
National Institutes of Health - (Bethesda, Maryland, United States)

# researcherOn[].awardedBy.preferredLabel
DHHS-NIH-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

# researcherOn[].label
Molecular Mechanism for Genomic RNA Delivery in ssRNA Phages

# researcherOn[].awardedBy.label
National Science Foundation - (Arlington, Virginia, United States)

# researcherOn[].label
Reducing Virulence Through the Suppression of Retractile Pili

# researcherOn[].awardedBy.label
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases - (Bethesda, Maryland, United States)

# researcherOn[].label
The Molecular Basis of Viral DNA Sensing through the cGAS-STING Pathway

# researcherOn[].awardedBy.label
National Institutes of Health - (Bethesda, Maryland, United States)

# researcherOn[].awardedBy.preferredLabel
DHHS-NIH-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

# streetAddress
Texas A&M University; Biochemistry & Biophysics; 3474 TAMU

# schools[]
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences

# inTheNews[].label
New method allows scientists to 'quick view' virus particles

# inTheNews[].label
New Method Allows Scientists To Quickly Identify Individual Virus Particles