# title
Retinoid-regulated expression of BCL-2 and tissue transglutaminase during the differentiation and apoptosis of human myeloid leukemia (HL-60) cells.

# abstract
Retinoids induce terminal differentiation and subsequent apoptosis in the human myeloid leukemia (HL-60) cell line. We have previously shown that in HL-60 cells, ligand activation of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) is sufficient to induce differentiation but ligand activation of retinoid X receptors (RXRs) is necessary for the retinoid-induced apoptosis of these cells. In the present studies we have characterized the effect of retinoids on the expression of two apoptosis-linked gene products, BCL-2 and tissue transglutaminase. BCL-2 is a membrane-associated protein whose expression has been linked to the suppression of apoptosis in many cells. Tissue transglutaminase is a protein cross-linking enzyme that accumulates in many cells undergoing apoptotic cell death. Our data suggest that ligand activation of RARs in HL-60 cells results in a global suppression of BCL-2 expression whereas ligand activation of both RARs and RXRs triggers the selective accumulation of tissue transglutaminase in the apoptotic HL-60 cells.

# authors[].organizations[].label
Texas A&M University Naresh K. Vashisht College of Medicine

# authors[].organizations[].label
Center for Translational Cancer Research

# authorList[]
Nagy, L., Thomzy, V. A., Chandraratna, R. A., Heyman, R. A., & Davies, P. J.