# title
Profile order and time-dependent artifacts in contrast-enhanced coronary MR angiography at 3T: origin and prevention.

# abstract
To enhance the clinical value of coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), high-relaxivity contrast agents have recently been used at 3T. Here we examine a uniform bilateral shadowing artifact observed along the coronary arteries in MRA images collected using such a contrast agent. Simulations were performed to characterize this artifact, including its origin, to determine how best to mitigate this effect, and to optimize a data acquisition/injection scheme. An intraluminal contrast agent concentration model was used to simulate various acquisition strategies with two profile orders for a slow-infusion of a high-relaxivity contrast agent. Filtering effects from temporally variable weighting in k-space are prominent when a centric, radial (CR) profile order is applied during contrast infusion, resulting in decreased signal enhancement and underestimation of vessel width, while both pre- and postinfusion steady-state acquisitions result in overestimation of the vessel width. Acquisition during the brief postinfusion steady-state produces the greatest signal enhancement and minimizes k-space filtering artifacts.

# authors[].organizations[].label
Texas A&M University Naresh K. Vashisht College of Medicine

# authorList[]
Kotys, M. S., Herzka, D. A., Vonken, E., Ohayon, J., Heroux, J., Gharib, A. M., Stuber, M., & Pettigrew, R. I.