# overview
My major research focus has been on developing and investigating innovative treatment methods for water, wastewater and hazardous wastes.  These include chemical, physical and biological treatment methods for both organic and inorganic contaminants.  Among the novel treatment processes we have developed are autotrophic denitrification with sulfur electron donors, inorganic oxide adsorbents for wastewater reuse, ultra-high lime and ultra-high lime with aluminum process for scalant removal in recycled water and zero-discharge desalination,  the biostrip process for biological and physical treatment, degradative solidification/stabilization, chromium stabilization in the vadose zone, sulfur and iron-based reactive adsorbents, and advanced reduction processes. This research incorporates both experimental and modeling activities and is integrated with graduate and undergraduate education.

# keywords[]
12 Responsible Consumption And Production

# educationAndTraining[].organization.label
Rice University - (Houston, Texas, United States)

# educationAndTraining[].organization.label
Rice University - (Houston, Texas, United States)

# educationAndTraining[].organization.label
Cornell University - (Ithaca, New York, United States)

# awardsAndHonors[].label
R.P. Gregory '32 Chair in Civil Engineering

# awardsAndHonors[].label
Environmental Science and Engineering Fellow

# awardsAndHonors[].label
Truman R. Jones Excellence in Graduate Teaching Award

# publications[].label
Interaction of green rust and zero-valent iron during dechlorination of PCE.

# publications[].label
Reduction of perchlorate using zero-valent titanium (ZVT) anode: reaction mechanism

# publications[].label
Multi-component partitioning model to predict leaching from solidified oily wastes

# publications[].label
Abiotic reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethylenes by iron bearing soil minerals and potential interactions with biotic processes.

# publications[].label
Towards the sustainable use of seawater for process cooling

# publications[].label
Simulation Model for Multicomponent Removals from Recycled Cooling Water

# publications[].publisher
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

# publications[].label
Sorption of selenium(IV) and selenium(VI) to mackinawite (FeS): effect of contact time, extent of removal, sorption envelopes.

# publications[].label
Effect of anions on removal of mercury(II) using fes-supported crossflow ultrafiltration

# publications[].label
Abiotic reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethylenes by iron-bearing soil minerals. 1. Pyrite and magnetite.

# publications[].label
Effects of hydroxyapatite on PCE degradation by zero valent zinc.

# publications[].label
Influence of iron-bearing phyllosilicates on the dechlorination kinetics of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in Fe(II)/cement slurries.

# publications[].label
Hydrogen peroxide decomposition on manganese oxide (pyrolusite): kinetics, intermediates, and mechanism.

# publications[].label
Reductive capacity of natural reductants.

# publications[].label
DEVELOPMENT OF HALOFORM FORMATION POTENTIAL TESTS FOR WATER TREATMENT PLANT CONTROL.

# publications[].label
ENVR 65-Sorption of selenium(IV) and selenium(VI) to synthetic pyrite (FeS2) and stabilization via surface reactions

# publications[].label
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC-FEASIBILITY OF ULTRA-HIGH LIME TREATMENT OF RECYCLED COOLING WATER

# publications[].label
Reductive capacity of soils for chromium

# publications[].label
Degradation of vinyl chloride (VC) by the sulfite/UV advanced reduction process (ARP): effects of process variables and a kinetic model.

# publications[].label
Evaluating alternative aluminium sources for chloride removal from recycled cooling water

# publications[].label
MODIFICATION OF A METAL ADSORPTION MODEL TO DESCRIBE THE EFFECT OF PH

# publications[].label
Abiotic reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethylenes by iron bearing soil minerals and potential interactions with biotic processes

# publications[].label
Adsorption behavior of arsenic on highly ordered mesoporous solids with nano-scaled titania reactive sites

# publications[].label
Linear Free Energy Relationship Analysis of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Cement Slurries

# publications[].label
Kinetic Study of Selenium Removal Using Advanced Reduction Process with Dithionite

# publications[].label
Removal of arsenite by reductive precipitation in dithionite solution activated by UV light.

# publications[].label
Nitrate reduction by green rusts modified with trace metals.

# publications[].label
Advanced Reduction Processes: A New Class of Treatment Processes.

# publications[].label
Removal of toxic heavy metal ions from industrial effluent by MEUF and membrane bioreactors

# publications[].label
Degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane with advanced reduction processes (ARPs): Effects of process variables and mechanisms

# publications[].label
Arsenic removal and stabilization by synthesized pyrite

# publications[].label
Redox manipulation of silawa soil for reductive dechlorination of trichloroethylene

# publications[].label
XPS analysis of sorption of selenium(IV) and selenium(VI) to mackinawite (FeS)

# publications[].label
Optimal scheduling of biocide dosing for seawater-cooled power and desalination plants

# publications[].label
KINETICS OF ALUMINUM HYDROLYSIS - MEASUREMENT OF REACTION-PRODUCTS

# publications[].label
Leach models for contaminants immobilized by pH-dependent mechanisms

# publications[].label
Spectroscopic study of Se(IV) removal from water by reductive precipitation using sulfide.

# publications[].label
Sorption of mercury(II) to synthesized pyrite (FeS<inf>2</inf>) and stabilization via surface reaction

# publications[].label
EFFECTS OF EQUILIBRIUM CHEMISTRY ON LEACHING OF CONTAMINANTS FROM STABILIZED SOLIDIFIED WASTES

# publications[].label
Surface complexation modeling of arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) adsorption onto nanoporous titania adsorbents (NTAs).

# publications[].label
Overview of waste stabilization with cement.

# publications[].label
KINETIC-MODEL FOR AUTOTROPHIC DENITRIFICATION USING ELEMENTAL SULFUR

# publications[].label
Lead and chromium leaching from portland cement. Physical and chemical aspects

# publications[].label
Perchlorate and nitrate reduction by ARPs

# publications[].label
Applications of soil and cement chemistry to stabilization/solidification

# publications[].label
Arsenic removal using advanced reduction process with dithionite/UV-A kinetic study

# publications[].label
As(V) adsorption onto nanoporous titania adsorbents (NTAs): effects of solution composition.

# publications[].label
Effect of low- and medium-pressure Hg UV irradiation on bromate removal in Advanced Reduction Process.

# publications[].label
Perchlorate degradation using a titanium and membrane hybrid (TMH) system: Transport, adsorption, chemical reduction

# publications[].label
OF - A SURFACE COMPLEX MODEL FOR ABSORPTION OF TRACE COMPONENTS FROM WASTE-WATER - RESPONSE

# publications[].label
AUTOTROPHIC DENITRIFICATION USING SULFUR ELECTRON DONORS.

# publications[].label
A SURFACE COMPLEX MODEL FOR ADSORPTION OF TRACE COMPONENTS FROM WASTE-WATER

# publications[].label
Removal of Se(IV) by the Dithionite/Ultraviolet Advanced Reduction Process: Effects of Process Variables

# publications[].label
Membrane distillation coupled with a novel two-stage pretreatment process for petrochemical wastewater treatment and reuse

# publications[].label
Adsorption of As(III) on mesoporous titania and Ti-containing mesoporous silica molecular sieve

# publications[].label
Kinetics of aluminum hydrolysis: measurement and characterization of reaction products.

# publications[].label
Mesoporous TiO2-BiOBr microspheres with tailorable adsorption capacities for photodegradation of organic water pollutants: probing adsorption-photocatalysis synergy by combining experiments and kinetic modeling

# publications[].label
Photochemical degradation of vinyl chloride with an Advanced Reduction Process (ARP) - Effects of reagents and pH

# publications[].label
Equilibrium, kinetic and reactive transport models for Pu: Employing numerical methods to uncover the nature of the intrinsic colloid

# publications[].label
Process Integration and System Analysis for Seawater Cooling in Industrial Facilities

# publications[].label
Electron beam treatment for potable water reuse: Removal of bromate and perfluorooctanoic acid

# publications[].label
MEASUREMENT OF EFFECTIVE DIFFUSIVITIES IN SOLIDIFIED WASTES

# publications[].publisher
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

# publications[].label
New technique to determine effective diffusivities for hazardous ions solidified in portland cement

# publications[].label
Mesoporous TiO2-BiOBr microspheres with tailorable adsorption capacities for photodegradation of organic water pollutants: Probing adsorption-photocatalysis synergy by combining experiments and kinetic modeling

# publications[].label
Amendment of hydroxyapatite in reduction of tetrachloroethylene by zero-valent zinc: its rate enhancing effect and removal of Zn(II).

# publications[].label
PCE DNAPL degradation using ferrous iron solid mixture (ISM).

# publications[].label
SIMULATION OF SINGLE-SLUDGE NITROGEN REMOVAL

# publications[].publisher
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

# publications[].label
DEVELOPING HALOFORM FORMATION POTENTIAL TESTS

# publications[].label
MODELS AS METAPHORS - THE ROLE OF MODELING IN POLLUTION PREVENTION

# publications[].label
Reductive dechlorination using modified green rusts in degradative solidification/stabilization

# publications[].label
Synthesis and characterization of pyrite (FeS2) using microwave irradiation

# publications[].label
On the relationship between the formation factor and propan-2-ol diffusivity in mortars - Discussion

# publications[].label
Abiotic reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethylenes by iron-bearing phyllosilicates.

# publications[].label
Chloride removal from recycled cooling water using ultra-high lime with aluminum process.

# publications[].label
Degradation of perchlorate in water using aqueous multivalent titanium: effect of titanium type, ionic strength, and metal and solid catalysts.

# publications[].label
SURFACTANT-ENHANCED ULTRAFILTRATION OF HEAVY-METALS FROM WASTE STREAMS WITH PILOT-SCALE SYSTEM

# publications[].label
Effect of Anions on Electrochemical Degradation of Perchlorate in water Using Zero-valent Titanium

# publications[].label
POTENTIAL FOR TREATING DOMESTIC WASTEWATER FOR REUSE WITH INORGANIC OXIDE ADSORBENTS.

# publications[].label
Effects of ferrous iron and molecular oxygen on chromium(VI) redox kinetics in the presence of aquifer solids.

# publications[].label
AN INNOVATIVE PROCESS FOR TREATING RECYCLED COOLING WATER

# publications[].label
Prediction of chemical speciation in stabilized solidified wastes using a general chemical equilibrium model II: Doped waste contaminants in cement porewaters

# publications[].label
Leaching of heavy metals from solidified wastes

# publications[].label
Capacitive desalination & purification of water: A focus on regeneration of exhausted carbon nanofoam

# publications[].label
TECHNICAL NOTE - REMOVING TRIHALOMETHANE FORMATION POTENTIAL BY COAGULATION WITH ACTIVATED SILICA AND CATIONIC POLYMER

# publications[].label
ENVR 139-Sorption of mercury(II) onto iron sulfides (FeS and FeS2): Reaction mechanism and stability

# publications[].label
BINDING OF HEAVY-METALS TO DERIVATIVES OF CHOLESTEROL AND SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE

# publications[].publisher
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

# publications[].label
A framework for risk assessment of disposal of contaminated materials treated by solidification/stabilization

# publications[].label
Abiotic reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethylenes by soil.

# publications[].label
Response to Comment on "Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Water Pollutants Promoted by Sulfite Addition".

# publications[].label
Reductive Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene by Green Rusts Modified with Copper

# publications[].label
AN ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY METHOD FOR MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF ADDITIVES ON EFFECTIVE DIFFUSIVITIES IN PORTLAND-CEMENT PASTES

# publications[].label
A systems-integration approach to the optimization of macroscopic water desalination and distribution networks: a general framework applied to Qatar's water resources

# publications[].label
Degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane using advanced reduction processes

# publications[].label
Chapter 4 Stabilization/solidification of hazardous wastes in soil matrices

# publications[].tags
12 Responsible Consumption and Production

# publications[].label
Perchlorate reduction during electrochemically induced pitting corrosion of zero-valent titanium (ZVT).

# publications[].label
Reactive iron sulfide (FeS)-supported ultrafiltration for removal of mercury (Hg(II)) from water.

# publications[].label
Reduction of perchlorate using zero-valent titanium (ZVT) anode: kinetic models.

# publications[].label
A review on lithium recovery using electrochemical capturing systems

# publications[].label
Impact of natural organic matter on bromate removal in the sulfite/UV-L advanced reduction process

# publications[].label
Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Water Pollutants Promoted by Sulfite Addition.

# publications[].label
Synthesis, characterization, and application of pyrite for removal of mercury

# publications[].label
Effect of medium-pressure and low-pressure UV irradiation on bromate removal in an Advanced Reduction Process (ARP)

# publications[].label
THE DIAFILTRATION METHOD FOR THE STUDY OF THE BINDING OF MACROMOLECULES TO HEAVY-METALS

# publications[].label
Identification of active agents for tetrachloroethylene degradation in Portland cement slurry containing ferrous iron.

# publications[].label
Impacts of natural organic matter on perchlorate removal by an advanced reduction process.

# publications[].label
Kinetics of transformation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane by Fe(II) in cement slurries.

# publications[].label
Simulated solar light-driven photocatalytic degradation of trichloroethylene in water using BiOBr promoted by sulfite addition

# publications[].label
Prediction of chemical speciation in stabilized solidified wastes using a general chemical equilibrium model Part I. Chemical representation of cementitious binders

# publications[].label
A STOCHASTIC RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE FOR HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES

# publications[].label
Removal of arsenite(As(III)) and arsenate(As(V)) by synthetic pyrite (FeS2): synthesis, effect of contact time, and sorption/desorption envelopes.

# publications[].label
Stochastic risk assessment of sites contaminated by hazardous wastes

# publications[].publisher
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

# publications[].label
Reductive dechlorination of DNAPL mixtures with Fe(II/III)-L and Fe(II)-C: Evaluation using a kinetic model for the competitions.

# publications[].label
Removal of hexavalent chromium from groundwater by granular activated carbon

# publications[].label
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Investigation of Interactions of Arsenic with Microwave Synthesized Pyrite as a Function of pH

# publications[].label
ORTHOGONAL COLLOCATION AS A SOLUTION TECHNIQUE FOR LEACHING MODELS THAT INCORPORATE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL-MECHANISMS FOR IMMOBILIZATION

# publications[].label
MODELS AS METAPHORS - THE ROLE OF MODELING IN POLLUTION PREVENTION

# publications[].label
Photocatalytic reduction of chlorate in aqueous TiO2 suspension with hole scavenger under simulated solar light

# publications[].label
Application of UV-sulfite advanced reduction process to bromate removal

# publications[].label
Pu colloid-enhanced migration: Importance of relatively fast sorption kinetics at long-term disposal sites.

# publications[].label
Chemical characterization of pore water of a solidified hazardous waste

# publications[].label
Empirical partitioning leach model for solidified/stabilized wastes

# publications[].publisher
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

# publications[].label
Perchlorate degradation using divalent titanium: Equilibrium, kinetic, and spectrophotometric study with modeling

# publications[].label
An equilibrium model for chloride removal from recycled cooling water using the ultra-high lime with aluminum process.

# publications[].label
GEOC 43-Arsenic removal by synthesized pyrite (FeS2)

# publications[].label
Interaction of green rust and zero-valent iron during dechlorination of PCE

# publications[].label
Nitrate reduction by fluoride green rust modified with copper.

# publications[].label
Method for remediating contaminated soils

# publications[].label
Perchlorate degradation using aqueous titanium ions produced by oxidative dissolution of zero-valent titanium

# publications[].label
Abiotic reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethylenes by iron-bearing soil minerals. 2. Green rust.

# publications[].label
AUTOTROPHIC DENITRIFICATION USING SULFUR ELECTRON DONORS.

# publications[].label
Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated hydrocarbons as non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL): preliminary investigation on effects of cement doses.

# publications[].label
Photochemical Degradation of Arsenic and Selenium with Advanced Reduction Processes-Effects of Reagents

# publications[].label
Analysis of dechlorination kinetics of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by Fe(II) in cement slurries.

# publications[].label
Reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethylene by GRs with platinum

# publications[].label
ALUMINUM HYDROLYSIS KINETICS: MEASUREMENT OF REACTION PRODUCTS.

# publications[].label
Reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethylene by Fe(II) in cement slurries

# publications[].label
A NUMERICAL LEACHING MODEL FOR SOLIDIFIED STABILIZED WASTES

# publications[].label
Interactions between chloride and sulfate or silica removals using an advanced lime-aluminum softening process.

# publications[].label
General chemical equilibrium model for stabilized/solidified wastes

# publications[].publisher
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

# publications[].label
Chlorate reduction by dithionite/UV advanced reduction process

# publications[].label
Gas transfer model for a multistage vortex aerator: A novel oxygen transfer system for dissolved oxygen improvement.

# publications[].label
Incorporating chemical and physical mechanisms into leaching models for solidified hazardous wastes

# publications[].tags
12 Responsible Consumption and Production

# publications[].label
Nitrate reduction using electrochemically induced pitting corrosion of zero-valent aluminum

# publications[].label
A multi-component numerical leach model coupled with a general chemical speciation code.

# publications[].label
Perchlorate reduction by the sulfite/ultraviolet light advanced reduction process.

# publications[].label
Nitrate Reduction by the Ultraviolet-Sulfite Advanced Reduction Process

# publications[].label
Effect of phosphate on arsenite adsorption by mesoporous adsorbents impregnating nanostructured titania

# publications[].label
FeOOH and Fe2O3 co-grafted TiO2 photocatalysts for bisphenol A degradation in water

# publications[].label
Effects of pH, temperature, and water quality on chloride removal with ultra-high lime with aluminum process.

# publications[].label
Mineralogical alterations that affect the durability and metals containment of aged solidified and stabilized wastes

# publications[].label
Effect of Cement Type on Performance of Ferrous Iron-Based Degradative Solidification and Stabilization

# publications[].label
Bromate removal by sulfite-UV advanced reduction process

# publications[].label
Interactions between chloride and sulfate or silica removals from wastewater using an advanced lime-aluminum softening process: equilibrium modeling.

# publications[].label
Macroscopic and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic investigation of interactions of arsenic with synthesized pyrite.

# publications[].label
Sorption of selenium(IV) and selenium(VI) onto synthetic pyrite (FeS2): spectroscopic and microscopic analyses.

# publications[].label
Dechlorination of trichloroethylene formed from 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane by dehydrochlorination in Portland cement slurry including Fe(II).

# publications[].label
CROSS-FLOW SURFACTANT-BASED ULTRAFILTRATION OF HEAVY-METALS FROM WASTE STREAMS

# publications[].label
Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated methanes in cement slurries containing Fe(II).

# publications[].label
Application of a reactive adsorbent-coated support system for removal of mercury(II)

# researcherOn[].label
Solar-driven Advanced Reduction Processes for Destroying Persistent Contaminants in Water

# researcherOn[].awardedBy.label
Qatar National Research Fund - (Doha, Qatar)

# streetAddress
Texas A&M University; Civil Engineering; 3136 TAMU

# etdChairOf[].label
Roy, Samarpita (2014-08). Effect of Extraction Using Ion-Exchange Resins on Batch Mixed-Acid Fermentations. Master's Thesis.

# etdChairOf[].label
Ahn, Min (2004-11). Remediation of chromium(VI) in the vadose zone: stoichiometry and kinetics of chromium(VI) reduction by sulfur dioxide. Master's Thesis.

# etdChairOf[].label
Park, Sung Hyuk (2011-08). Perchlorate Degradation Using Partially Oxidized Titanium Ions and Ion Exchange Membrane Hybrid System. Doctoral Dissertation.

# etdChairOf[].label
Jung, Bahng Mi (2007-04). Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by Fe(ii) in degradative solidification/stabilization. Doctoral Dissertation.

# etdChairOf[].label
Do, Si Hyun (2009-05). DNAPL source control by reductive dechlorination with iron-based degradative solidification/stabilization. Doctoral Dissertation.

# etdChairOf[].label
Song, Jin Kun (2009-05). Arsenic removal and stabilization by synthesized pyrite. Doctoral Dissertation.

# etdChairOf[].label
Vellanki, Bhanu Prakash (2012-10). Advanced Reduction Processes - A New Class of Treatment Processes. Doctoral Dissertation.

# etdChairOf[].label
Desai, Ishan (2013-08). Manganese Based Oxidative Technologies For Water/Wastewater Treatment. Doctoral Dissertation.

# etdChairOf[].label
Tewari, Sanjay (2012-02). Regeneration of Carbon Aerogel Exhausted in Water Purification. Doctoral Dissertation.

# etdChairOf[].label
Han, Dong Suk (2011-02). Sorption of Arsenic, Mercury, Selenium onto Nanostructured Adsorbent Media and Stabilization via Surface Reactions. Doctoral Dissertation.

# etdChairOf[].label
Botlaguduru, Venkata S (2016-05). UV-Sulfite Based Advanced Reduction Treatment of Disinfection Byproducts and Perfluorooctanoic Acid. Doctoral Dissertation.

# etdChairOf[].label
Wee, Hun Young (2009-05). Remedial extraction and catalytic hydrodehalogenation for treatment of soils contaminated by halogenated hydrophobic organic compounds. Doctoral Dissertation.

# etdChairOf[].label
Duan, Yuhang (2012-10). Impacts of Natural Organic Matter on Perchlorate Removal by an Advanced Reduction Process. Master's Thesis.

# etdChairOf[].label
Raut Desai, Aditya B. (2011-08). Reduction of Perchlorate and Nitrate by Aluminum Activated by pH Change and Electrochemically Induced Pitting Corrosion.. Doctoral Dissertation.

# etdChairOf[].label
Abdel-wahab, Ahmed Ibraheem Ali (2004-09). The ultra-high lime with aluminum process for removing chloride from recirculating cooling water. Doctoral Dissertation.

# etdChairOf[].label
Choi, Jeong Yun (2006-10). Degradation of perchloroethylene and nitrate by high-activity modified green rusts. Doctoral Dissertation.

# etdChairOf[].label
Kulkarni, Dhananjay Vijay (2006-08). Electrochemical deposition of green rust on zero-valent iron. Master's Thesis.

# etdChairOf[].label
Kim, Eun Jung (2009-05). Macroscopic and spectroscopic investigation of interactions of arsenic with synthesized pyrite. Doctoral Dissertation.

# etdChairOf[].label
Duan, Yuhang (2016-04). Removal of Mercury from Water by a Reactive Adsorbent-Pyrite. Doctoral Dissertation.

# etdChairOf[].label
Luo, Guofan (2014-08). Degradation of Selenocyanate with an Advanced Reduction Process(ARP). Master's Thesis.

# etdChairOf[].label
Hughes, Trenton Whiting (2009-05). An evaluation of membrane materials for the treatment of highly concentrated suspended salt solutions in reverse osmosis and nanofiltration processes for desalination. Master's Thesis.

# etdChairOf[].label
Wang, Li (2015-07). EBeam Irradiation for Water Reuse: Removal of Bromate. Master's Thesis.

# etdChairOf[].label
Liu, Xu (2013-07). Degradation of Vinyl Chloride and 1,2-Dichloroethane by Advanced Reduction Processes. Doctoral Dissertation.

# etdChairOf[].label
Lee, Chun Woo (2009-05). Perchlorate reduction using electrochemically induced pitting corrosion of zero-valent titanium. Doctoral Dissertation.

# etdChairOf[].label
Kaushik, Vishakha (2016-05). Arsenic Removal Using Advanced Reduction Process. Master's Thesis.

# etdChairOf[].label
Zhang, Jingyuan (2013-07). Tetrachloroethylene Degradation by Dithionite with Ultraviolet Activation. Master's Thesis.

# etdChairOf[].label
Ko, Sae Bom (2006-08). Identification of active agents for tetrachloroethylene degradation in Portland cement slurry containing ferrous iron. Doctoral Dissertation.